How to spot hormonal imbalances: The telltale signs of low or high oestrogen levels

Oestrogen plays a pivotal role in a woman's reproductive and overall health. Fluctuations in its levels, especially during menopause, can affect various aspects of well-being. Understanding the signs of low or high oestrogen levels can help women address these hormonal imbalances before they lead to more serious health issues.

What is oestrogen?

Oestrogen is one of the primary female sex hormones, responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle, maintaining pregnancy, and developing secondary sexual characteristics like breasts and hips. It also affects other systems in the body, such as bone health, cardiovascular function, and even mood. The three main types of oestrogen are estradiol, estriol, and oestrone.

Why oestrogen levels fluctuate

Oestrogen levels fluctuate throughout a woman’s life, but particularly during certain life stages, such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. Some key factors influencing these fluctuations include:

• Age: Oestrogen naturally declines with age, especially during perimenopause and menopause.
• Stress: High stress can lower oestrogen levels.
• Diet and exercise: Poor diet and excessive exercise can lead to hormonal imbalances.
• Medical conditions: Disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and certain thyroid issues can disrupt oestrogen levels.

Signs of low oestrogen levels

A drop in oestrogen levels is most common in women during menopause, though other factors such as over-exercising, stress, or certain medical conditions may also contribute to it.

Physical symptoms

1. Hot flashes and night sweats
   Low oestrogen can disrupt the body’s ability to regulate temperature, leading to hot flashes during the day and night sweats while sleeping.

2. Vaginal dryness
   Oestrogen helps maintain the natural lubrication of vaginal tissues. A decline in its levels can result in vaginal dryness, making intercourse uncomfortable.

3. Bone density loss
   Oestrogen plays a significant role in maintaining bone density. When levels fall, bones become weaker, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

4. Irregular periods
   Women who are not yet in menopause but are experiencing low oestrogen may notice changes in their menstrual cycles, such as missed or irregular periods.

Emotional and mental symptoms

1. Mood swings
   Oestrogen interacts with neurotransmitters that regulate mood, like serotonin. A decline in this hormone can cause mood swings, irritability, or depression.

2. Fatigue
   Feeling chronically tired or sluggish is a common symptom of low oestrogen, as it affects energy levels and metabolism.

3. Trouble concentrating
   Many women report "brain fog" or memory issues when their oestrogen levels drop. This hormonal change can impair cognitive function, affecting focus and mental clarity.

Signs of high oestrogen levels

While declining oestrogen is often associated with menopause, some women may experience elevated levels, known as oestrogen dominance. This imbalance can be caused by hormone replacement therapy, certain medications, or excessive body fat.

Physical symptoms

1. Weight gain, particularly in the hips and waist
   High oestrogen levels are often linked to an increase in body fat, particularly around the hips and midsection.

2. Breast tenderness
   Women with high oestrogen levels may experience soreness or tenderness in their breasts due to increased tissue growth.

3. Bloating
   Oestrogen affects fluid retention. High levels can cause bloating and water weight gain.

4. Heavy or irregular periods
   High oestrogen levels may lead to heavier, more painful periods and can even cause irregular bleeding.

Emotional and mental symptoms

1. Increased anxiety
   While low oestrogen can cause mood swings, excessive oestrogen has been linked to heightened anxiety and irritability.

2. Sleep issues
   Women with elevated oestrogen levels may struggle with insomnia or disrupted sleep.

Finding balance is key

Oestrogen imbalances, whether too low or too high, can severely impact a woman’s physical and mental health. By recognising these signs and symptoms early, women can seek appropriate treatments, such as lifestyle adjustments, hormone replacement therapy, or natural supplements like those offered by February Bloom, to restore hormonal balance and improve overall well-being.

For personalised advice and treatment options, it's always best to consult a healthcare provider. Monitoring hormone levels and making healthy lifestyle choices can significantly impact your body's ability to regulate oestrogen.